Newcastle Disease ND in Chickens: Prevention Strategy with Broiler Probiotic Formula

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease that poses a serious threat to broiler farming in Indonesia. High mortality rates and economic losses due to ND drive farmers to seek effective prevention solutions. One approach now widely adopted is the use of probiotics as natural immunomodulators. Biosolution's Broiler Probiotic Formula, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus coagulans, has shown significant performance results in Indonesian commercial farms, not only in suppressing ND risk but also in improving feed efficiency and growth.

Why Is Newcastle Disease ND in Chickens Still a Major Threat?

Newcastle disease is caused by Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1). The virus spreads rapidly through direct contact, air, feces, and cage equipment. In broilers, ND can cause respiratory symptoms, green diarrhea, torticollis, and sudden death. Morbidity and mortality rates can reach 90% in velogenic cases. Vaccination is mandatory, but its effectiveness is often hindered by immunosuppression due to stress, poor feed management, or subclinical infections. This is where the role of probiotics becomes crucial: by strengthening gut mucosal immunity, probiotics help chickens respond better to vaccination and suppress virus replication.

Role of Broiler Probiotic Formula in ND Prevention

Probiotics work through several mechanisms relevant to ND prevention. First, competitive exclusion: Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis compete with pathogens for nutrients and adhesion sites on the gut wall, thereby inhibiting virus colonization. Second, lactic acid production by L. acidophilus lowers gut pH, creating an environment unfavorable for ND virus. Third, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans produce digestive enzymes (protease, amylase, lipase) that improve feed digestibility, so chickens get more energy to maintain the immune system. Fourth, probiotics stimulate secretory IgA production in the gut mucosa, which is the first line of defense against viruses entering through the digestive tract.

Superior Composition of Broiler Probiotic Formula

• Lactobacillus acidophilus: The main lactic acid bacterium that lowers gut pH and inhibits the growth of gram-negative pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella, which are often comorbid with ND.
• Bacillus subtilis: Producer of digestive enzymes and antimicrobial compounds (subtilosin, surfactin) active against viruses and pathogenic bacteria.
• Bacillus coagulans: Heat-resistant spores stable in the feed pelleting process, making them easy to apply in broiler feed. These spores germinate in the small intestine and produce lactic acid and enzymes.

Performance Results in Indonesian Commercial Farms

A trial of Broiler Probiotic Formula on commercial broiler farms in West Java (March–April 2024) showed encouraging data. A total of 10,000 Cobb 500 broiler chicks were divided into two groups: control (without probiotics) and treatment (probiotic 1 ml/L drinking water daily during starter phase, 3 times/week during grower-finisher phase). Results:

• Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR): The probiotic group achieved an FCR of 1.45, while the control was 1.58. This means an FCR improvement of up to 12%.
• Average Daily Gain (ADG): The probiotic group had an ADG of 52 grams/day, 8% higher than the control (48 grams/day).
• Mortality: Total mortality in the probiotic group was only 2.8%, compared to 4.1% in the control. No deaths due to ND occurred in either group because vaccination was maintained, but the probiotic group showed better clinical scores during mild field virus challenge.
• Meat Quality: Meat from the probiotic group contained no antibiotic residues, aligning with the antibiotic-free production trend.

Immunomodulation Mechanism of Probiotics in Newcastle Disease

Research shows that Lactobacillus and Bacillus can modulate humoral and cellular immune responses. In chickens given probiotics, there is an increase in specific ND antibody titers after vaccination, as well as increased NK cell and macrophage activity. This is due to stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in gut epithelial cells, triggering controlled inflammatory signals and production of cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-12. Thus, chickens are better prepared to fight ND infection if virus exposure occurs.

Practical Application of Broiler Probiotic Formula

Dosage and Administration

Probiotics are given through drinking water or feed. Recommended dosage:

• Via drinking water: 1 ml/L drinking water, given in the morning after feeding. Ensure drinking water is clean and not overly chlorinated.
• Via feed: 2 ml/kg feed, mixed evenly with premix or sprayed onto feed.

Frequency

• Starter phase (days 1–14): Daily to establish probiotic population in the gut early.
• Grower-finisher phase (days 15–35): Three times a week (e.g., Monday, Wednesday, Friday) to maintain microbiota balance.

Success Tips

• Avoid simultaneous administration with antibiotics. If antibiotics are necessary, allow at least a 4-hour interval.
• Ensure probiotics are mixed evenly and do not settle in the drinking water tank.
• Combine with a strict ND vaccination program (live and inactivated vaccines according to schedule).

Advantages of Biosolution's Broiler Probiotic Formula

This product is specifically designed for broilers, considering field challenges.

• Spore-forming Bacillus coagulans makes it resistant to pelleting temperatures (up to 80°C), suitable for pellet feed.
• Synergy of three strains provides multi-mechanism effects: pH reduction, enzyme production, and immunomodulation.
• Residue-free: Supports antibiotic-free programs and increases meat market value.
• Scientifically proven: Data from Indonesian commercial farms shows FCR improvement of 8–12% and ADG improvement of 5–10%.

For more information about this product, visit the Broiler Probiotic Formula page.

Conclusion

Newcastle disease remains a serious threat to broiler farmers, but it can be prevented through integrated management including vaccination, biosecurity, and strengthening gut immunity with probiotics. Biosolution's Broiler Probiotic Formula offers a science-based solution that has been tested in Indonesian commercial farms, with FCR improvement of up to 12% and reduced mortality. With its content of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus coagulans, this product not only helps prevent ND but also improves overall production performance. Consult with Biosolution's technical team for appropriate dosage recommendations based on your farm conditions. Contact us via WhatsApp for a free consultation.

FAQ

Can probiotics replace ND vaccination?

No. Probiotics cannot replace ND vaccination. Vaccination remains mandatory as specific protection against ND virus. Probiotics act as immunomodulators that enhance vaccine effectiveness and strengthen non-specific immunity, making chickens more resistant to infection.

How long after probiotic administration are effects seen?

Improvements in FCR and ADG are usually observed after 7–14 days of regular use. For immunomodulatory effects against ND, optimal results are obtained if probiotics are given from DOC (day old chick) and continued until harvest.

Is it safe to give probiotics together with anticoccidial drugs?

Yes, probiotics are generally safe to give with anticoccidials. However, avoid simultaneous administration with broad-spectrum antibiotics. If necessary, allow at least a 4-hour interval.

How should probiotics be stored to maintain activity?

Store probiotics in a cool, dry place at 15–25°C, away from direct sunlight. After opening, use within 30 days. Do not freeze.

Are these probiotics halal?

Yes, all bacterial strains used are sourced from halal ingredients and produced without haram substances. The product has a halal certificate from MUI.